新制托福TOEFL iBT® 閱讀考試必勝計畫與注意事項
1. 了解托福閱讀的結構
托福於2023年進行改制，改變包括取消加試題、減少閱讀文章及題目、寫作形式改為討論區寫作
托福閱讀考試包含2篇學術文章，每篇文章有 10 道題目，主題涵蓋歷史、科學、藝術等。每篇文章約 700 字，考生需在約35分鐘內完成所有題目。新制取消加試題。
考試題型有十種，包含：
- 字彙/片語題 (Vocabulary Questions)：選同義字彙或片語。
- 修辭題 (Rhetorical Questions)：某個資訊出現在文中的目的為何？
- 推論題 (Inference Questions)：根據文章內容推論答案。
- 事實訊息題 (Factual Information Questions)：選出特定的事實、細節、或定義。
- 挑錯題 (Negative Factual Information Questions)：哪一個選項是錯誤的?
- 文句簡化題 (Sentence Simplification)：下面哪句話最能代表此段大意?
- 文句插入題 (Insert Text Questions)：這句話可以插入在這段的哪裡?
- 文章概要題 (Prose Summary questions)：複選題，選擇每個段落的摘要。
- 指代題 (Reference Questions)：這個代名詞代表的是什麼?
- 配對填表題 (Fill Table Questions):將訊息正確地填寫到表格中。
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2. 掌握關鍵閱讀技巧
- 讀懂標題：每篇文章的標題往往提供主題線索，先理解標題可幫助快速進入文章。
- 快速瀏覽段落首尾句：段落的首尾句通常包含文章的大意。先瀏覽這些部分可掌握每段的重點，有助於提升閱讀效率。
- 使用關鍵字搜尋：根據題目的關鍵字搜尋文章中的相關段落，縮短找答案的時間。
- 留意同義字和換句話說：托福閱讀經常使用同義字或改寫，題目中的詞彙與文章中不會完全相同，考生需提高敏感度，學會辨識相似表達。
- 理解原文再選答案：在選答案前，確保已完全理解關鍵句子，切忌對照選項逐字檢查，這樣會浪費時間。
3. 常見題型與應對策略
- 單字片語題：透過上下文推測單字意思，而不是只憑記憶詞彙。平時可針對不熟悉的學科詞彙進行分類背誦。
- 文句插入題：這類題目要求將句子插入文章適當位置，需猜測前後文的邏輯關係，例如：插入句中的代詞如 “This”，其前文必有參照對象。
- 文章摘要題：需從多個選項中選出與文章主旨相關的句子，刪除不相關的細節句。
4. 養成閱讀習慣與練習 TPO
- 每天堅持進行學術類英文閱讀，強化詞彙和長句解析能力。
- 多練習 TPO（托福過去試題），並總結錯誤題型，提升答題速度與準確度。
5. 保持冷靜與分配時間
- 每篇閱讀文章約花 17 分鐘，分配好時間，若遇到困難題目不宜糾結，應快速移至下一題再返回處理。
6.十種題型考古題練習
以下是托福閱讀的 10 種題型範例，包含答案和中文解析：
- Vocabulary Questions (單字/片語題)
Question: The word “deteriorate” in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. improve
B. break down
C. calculate
D. discover
Answer: B. break down
解析： “Deteriorate” 的意思是變壞或退化，因此 “break down” 是最接近的同義詞。
- Rhetorical Purpose Questions (修辭題)
Question: Why does the author mention “the expansion of trade routes” in paragraph 3?
A. To argue that they led to cultural exchanges
B. To introduce the main cause of economic growth
C. To refute earlier claims about trade limitations
D. To highlight their impact on regional power shifts
Answer: A. To argue that they led to cultural exchanges
解析：這段提到貿易路線的擴展是為了說明它促進了文化交流，這是提到這個話題的主要目的。
- Inference Questions (推論題)
Question: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the primary reason for the migration of the species is:
A. changes in food availability
B. a sudden drop in temperatures
C. the destruction of their habitat
D. competition from other species
Answer: A. changes in food availability
解析：雖然段落中沒有直接說明，但根據物種的遷徙描述，可以推斷食物短缺是它們遷徙的主要原因。
- Factual Information Questions (事實訊息題)
Question: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the invention of the steam engine?
A. It was a collaborative effort by multiple inventors.
B. It was initially designed for textile production.
C. It revolutionized the transportation industry.
D. It was developed in response to labor shortages.
Answer: C. It revolutionized the transportation industry.
解析：這段提到蒸汽機在交通領域的關鍵角色，因此這是正確的事實陳述。
- Negative Factual Information Questions (挑錯題)
Question: All of the following are mentioned in the passage about the decline of the Roman Empire EXCEPT:
A. military defeats weakened the empire.
B. agricultural production collapsed.
C. economic instability led to inflation.
D. barbarian invasions increased.
Answer: B. agricultural production collapsed.
解析：文章中討論了軍事失利、通貨膨脹和野蠻人入侵，但並未提到農業生產的崩潰。
- Sentence Simplification Questions (句子簡化題)
Question: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
A. The decision had both positive and negative consequences.
B. The consequences of the decision were mainly positive.
C. The decision was made despite the negative consequences.
D. The consequences of the decision were not anticipated.
Answer: A. The decision had both positive and negative consequences.
解析：原句討論了這個決定的正反兩面，因此這是最準確的簡化。
- Insert Text Questions (插入文句題)
Question: Look at the four squares [■] in the passage. Where would the following sentence best fit?
“This discovery significantly changed our understanding of ancient civilizations.”
A. Square 1
B. Square 2
C. Square 3
D. Square 4
Answer: C. Square 3
解析：這句話提到重大發現，周圍的句子在第三個方框中討論此類發現的歷史影響，因此是合適的放置位置。
- Prose Summary Questions (文章概要題)
Question: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.
“The passage discusses the effects of climate change on biodiversity.”
A. Climate change has led to the extinction of several species.
B. Human activities have exacerbated the effects of climate change.
C. Certain species have adapted to the changing climate.
D. Government policies have successfully mitigated the impact.
E. Efforts to conserve habitats have slowed species decline.
Answer:
A. Climate change has led to the extinction of several species.
B. Human activities have exacerbated the effects of climate change.
C. Certain species have adapted to the changing climate.
解析：文章的關鍵觀點包括物種滅絕、人體活動的影響以及物種適應，這些都是正確的選擇。
- Reference Questions (指代題)
Question: In the sentence “They migrated to the southern regions during the winter,” what does the word “They” refer to?
A. birds
B. farmers
C. tourists
D. researchers
Answer: A. birds
解析：文章上下文提到的是鳥類遷徙，因此 “They” 顯然指的是鳥類。
- Fill Table Questions (配對填表題)
Question: Complete the table below by matching the statements to the appropriate categories. Choose three answers from each column.
Factors contributing to species extinction
A. Habitat loss
B. Climate change
C. Introduction of invasive species
Efforts to protect biodiversity
D. Establishing protected areas
E. Enforcing anti-poaching laws
F. Restoring natural habitats
Answer:
Factors contributing to species extinction:
A. Habitat loss
B. Climate change
C. Introduction of invasive species
Efforts to protect biodiversity:
D. Establishing protected areas
E. Enforcing anti-poaching laws
F. Restoring natural habitats
解析：這些陳述分別匹配它們的類別，因為它們都是導致滅絕的原因和保護生物多樣性的努力。
文章：The Importance of Wetlands
Wetlands are unique ecosystems that play a vital role in maintaining environmental balance. They are areas where water covers the soil, either permanently or seasonally. Wetlands can be found in various forms, including marshes, swamps, and bogs. One of the most significant benefits of wetlands is their ability to filter pollutants from water. As water passes through wetland vegetation, contaminants are absorbed or broken down, resulting in cleaner water entering nearby rivers and lakes.
Additionally, wetlands provide critical habitats for a diverse array of wildlife. Many species of birds, fish, and amphibians depend on wetlands for breeding, feeding, and shelter. The rich biodiversity found in these areas is essential for maintaining ecological health and stability.
Furthermore, wetlands serve as natural buffers against flooding. During heavy rainfall, they can absorb excess water, reducing the risk of flood damage in surrounding areas. This flood control function is increasingly important in light of climate change, which has led to more frequent and severe weather events.
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities such as agriculture, urban development, and pollution. These pressures have resulted in the loss of nearly 50% of the world’s wetlands in the last century. Conservation efforts are essential to protect and restore these ecosystems for future generations.
題型範例
- Vocabulary Questions (單字/片語題)
Question: The word “ecosystem” in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. environment
B. community
C. population
D. habitat Answer: A. environment
解析：在這裡，”ecosystem”指的是生態系統，與“environment”最為接近。
- Rhetorical Purpose Questions (修辭題)
Question: Why does the author mention “the loss of nearly 50% of the world’s wetlands” in the passage?
A. To emphasize the need for conservation
B. To illustrate the effectiveness of current conservation efforts
C. To argue against urban development
D. To provide a historical perspective on wetland use Answer: A. To emphasize the need for conservation
解析：這句話強調了保護濕地的必要性，提醒讀者這一生態系統正受到威脅。
- Inference Questions (推論題)
Question: It can be inferred from the passage that wetland conservation efforts should:
A. focus only on water quality
B. include restoration projects
C. prioritize urban development
D. involve only local communities Answer: B. include restoration projects
解析：文章提到保護和恢復濕地的必要性，推斷出保護努力應包括恢復項目。
- Factual Information Questions (事實訊息題)
Question: According to the passage, wetlands provide which of the following benefits?
A. They increase the salinity of nearby water bodies.
B. They serve as habitats for diverse wildlife.
C. They are primarily used for agricultural purposes.
D. They have no impact on flood control. Answer: B. They serve as habitats for diverse wildlife.
解析：文章提到濕地為各種野生動物提供棲息地，這是其主要的生態功能之一。
- Negative Factual Information Questions (挑錯題)
Question: All of the following are mentioned in the passage as threats to wetlands EXCEPT:
A. agriculture
B. climate change
C. urban development
D. pollution Answer: B. climate change
解析：雖然文章提到氣候變化，但並未直接將其列為對濕地的威脅，主要強調的是人類活動。
托福閱讀必考50單
| 單字 (English) | 中文 | 詞性 (Part of Speech) |
|---|---|---|
| Abundant | 豐富的 | 形容詞 |
| Accumulate | 累積 | 動詞 |
| Accurate | 精確的 | 形容詞 |
| Acknowledge | 承認 | 動詞 |
| Allocate | 分配 | 動詞 |
| Alter | 改變 | 動詞 |
| Amend | 修正 | 動詞 |
| Analyze | 分析 | 動詞 |
| Anticipate | 預期 | 動詞 |
| Apparent | 明顯的 | 形容詞 |
| Appropriate | 適當的 | 形容詞 |
| Approximate | 大約的 | 形容詞 |
| Assess | 評估 | 動詞 |
| Assume | 假設 | 動詞 |
| Attain | 達成 | 動詞 |
| Attribute | 歸因於 | 動詞 |
| Beneficial | 有益的 | 形容詞 |
| Cease | 停止 | 動詞 |
| Circumstance | 情況 | 名詞 |
| Coherent | 連貫的 | 形容詞 |
| Coincide | 同時發生 | 動詞 |
| Commence | 開始 | 動詞 |
| Compatible | 兼容的 | 形容詞 |
| Compile | 編輯 | 動詞 |
| Comprehend | 理解 | 動詞 |
| Conceive | 構思 | 動詞 |
| Concurrent | 同時發生的 | 形容詞 |
| Conduct | 進行 | 動詞 |
| Consequent | 隨之發生的 | 形容詞 |
| Considerable | 相當大的 | 形容詞 |
| Constitute | 構成 | 動詞 |
| Constrain | 限制 | 動詞 |
| Construct | 建造 | 動詞 |
| Contemporary | 當代的 | 形容詞 |
| Contradict | 反駁 | 動詞 |
| Contribute | 貢獻 | 動詞 |
| Coordinate | 協調 | 動詞 |
| Core | 核心 | 名詞 |
| Correspond | 對應 | 動詞 |
| Criteria | 標準 | 名詞 |
| Crucial | 關鍵的 | 形容詞 |
| Deduce | 推斷 | 動詞 |
| Demonstrate | 證明 | 動詞 |
| Denote | 表示 | 動詞 |
| Deviate | 偏離 | 動詞 |
| Displace | 替代 | 動詞 |
| Distinct | 明顯不同的 | 形容詞 |
| Distribute | 分發 | 動詞 |
| Diverse | 多樣的 | 形容詞 |
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